Gelsey kirkland school. ‘She was not naughty with me.

Gelsey kirkland school. Education Studied at School of American Ballet Specialty Director Skills & Activities Master status The pair added the Gelsey Kirkland Ballet, a studio company, in 2013. Apr 17, 2025 · Gelsey Kirkland News News and Content. of Jack Kirkland (playwright) and Nancy (Hoadley) Kirkland (actress); sister of Gelsey Kirkland, dancer. Black-and-white photograph signed by her, ink-stamped on verso by photographer Martha Swope (New York). She was promoted to soloist in 1969 and principal in 1972. Storytelling, mime, musicality, and pristine technique. Daughter of playwright Jack Feb 24, 2023 · Check now Gelsey Kirkland's biography which is full of inspiration for budding dancers and lessons on tenacity and originality. Kirkland received her early training at the School of American Ballet, gaining early stage experience dancing children’s roles in Balanchine’s The Nutcracker, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Harlequinade. [1] Kirkland joined the New York City Ballet in 1968 at age 15, at the invitation of George Balanchine. But, for her that was the least of it. Early Life and Inspiration Born in 1952 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Kirkland&039;s passion for ballet was ignited by her older sister, Jonne. It was there that she honed her craft under some of the finest instructors. Explore Gelsey Kirkland's biography, personal life, family and real age. During her three-week stay […] Explore Authentic, Gelsey Kirkland Stock Photos & Images For Your Project Or Campaign. Born Feb 14, 1950, in Bethlehem, PA; dau. 9 inches, in excellent condition. She graduated to the New York City Ballet in 1968, was promoted to soloist in 1970, and principal dancer in 1972. She became a personal favorite of George Balanchine, who choreographed the piece "Firebird" for her. Background KIRKLAND, Gelsey was born in 1953 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. This favouritism, in addition to her demanding and alcoholic father, in addition to her own perfectionism would lead to problems in the future 2. She studied at the School of American Ballet and joined the New York City Ballet in 1968. A rare 1978 video of Gelsey Kirkland and Mikhail Baryshnikov dancing excerpts from Dances at a Gathering and Other Dances. She went on to create leading roles in many of the great twentieth century ballets by Nov 13, 2018 · The wrecking ball is headed for famous ballerina Gelsey Kirkland’s dance school in the DUMBO Historic District. Gelsey kirkland received her early training at the school of american ballet, gaining early stage Jul 24, 2007 · Last May, after a 13-year absence, Gelsey Kirkland was back at American Ballet Theatre. Find out what the latest news is on their life and career. Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet can be contacted via phone at (212) 600-0047 for pricing, hours and directions. The Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet offers year-round, comprehensive training Gelsey Kirkland received her early training at the School of American Ballet, dancing children’s roles in Balanchine’s The Nutcracker, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and Harlequinade. Greg Lawrence (writer), on May 13, 1985. Situated in DUMBO New York Metropolis, Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet (GKA) endeavors to offer essentially the most revolutionary and comprehensive ballet training programs on the earth, recognizing the necessity for brand spanking new methods of instruction to domesticate and inspire the subsequent technology of ballet dancers. When Gelsey Kirkland came and taught class it was so amazing. She performed a variety of leading roles in their repertory, including Concerto Barocco, The Gelsey Kirkland (born December 29, 1952) is an American prima ballerina. Kirkland's passion for ballet started at a young age when she began studying at the School of American Feb 26, 2025 · Gelsey Kirkland (born 29 December 1952, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) is an American ballerina. The name evokes images of ethereal grace, breathtaking technique, and a tragically tumultuous life. Education Student, School American Ballet. She went on to create leading roles in many of the great twentieth century ballets by Balanchine, Jerome Robbins, and Antony Tudor including Balanchine's revival of Jun 20, 2018 · MESSENGER Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet Dance Studio 󱤄 SEND MESSAGE Kandra Niagra 󰍸 1 󰤦 Gelsey Kirkland Academy Young Dancers May 29, 2018󰞋󱟠 󰟝 Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet May 23, 2018󰞋󱟠 Children's Division and Pre-Professional Division Registration is now open for the 2018-19 school year! Gelsey Kirkland received her early training at the School of American Ballet, gaining early stage experience dancing children’s roles in Balanchine’s The Nutcracker, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Harlequinade. It is also a mystery: Why should a woman bles… The GK Arts Center Brooklyn, New York April 22, 2016 Harlequinade, The Wedding Procession, Walpurgis Night Jerry Hochman Cutting to the chase, the program that Gelsey Kirkland Ballet presented during its recent run at the company’s new space in Dumbo, which I saw at its final performance on Sunday, was wonderful. About the book In "Dancing on My Grave," Gelsey Kirkland’s emotionally charged memoir, the legendary ballerina unveils the dramatic highs and devastating lows of her illustrious career with stark honesty and poignant detail. Kirkland's collection consists of photographs, press materials, programs, correspondence, video recordings of performances and television appearances Kirkland, Gelsey (1952—) American ballerina known for her legendary partnership with Mikhail Baryshnikov. Dancing on My Grave is a memoir by Gelsey Kirkland that delves into the dark side of the ballet world. ‘I loved Gelsey,” Tumkovsky says simply. During these early years she was fortunate to study under Claude Bessy, David Howard, Gelsey Kirkland, Helgi Tomasson, Violette Verde and John Taras. She trust me. Available in multiple sizes and formats to fit your needs. Kirkland joined the New York City Ballet in 1968 at age fifteen, at the invitation of George Balanchine. Johnna started in New York City Ballet at 15; 13 year old Gelsey came later. Was on the May 1, 1978 cover of TIME magazine. Gelsey Kirkland received early ballet training at the School of American Ballet. Teacher Bio Gelsey Kirkland received her early training at the School of American Ballet, dancing children’s roles in Balanchine’s The Nutcracker, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and Harlequinade. Gelsey Kirkland (born December 29, 1952, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) is an American ballerina. “I came to the Northwest Dance Intensive to experience and learn new things, to have different instructors and to open my eyes about ballet. She became a personal favorite of George Balanchine, who choreographed the piece, "Firebird", for her. Gelsey Kirkland. She joined the New York City Ballet in 1968 in the corps de ballet. The GKACB is a place where dancers can learn to become artists. Trained at School of American Ballet; performed child roles for New York City Ballet in The Nutcracker and A Midsummer Night's Dream (1962); joined its professional company (1965) and was featured Gelsey Kirkland dropped out of high school two years ago at age 15 to devote her life to dancing. On Tuesday, the city Landmarks Preservation Commission gave the owner of 29 Jay St Kirkland, Johnna (1950–) American ballet dancer. Jul 24, 2021 · The downward spiral of ballerina Gelsey Kirkland’s life is a tragedy to all who have observed her erratic career and watched her exalted dancing. I liked how there was a variety of dance classes there, it was really fun. 11,599 likes · 1 talking about this · 1,894 were here. The Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet has left its 5,600-square-foot studio in Tribeca for 9,000 square feet of dancing room in Brooklyn’s Dumbo neighborhood. Innocent-looking, girlish and pretty, this diminutive and emotional legendary ballerina has had more drama in her real-life than there ever was onstage. Actress: The Nutcracker. Jan 15, 1970 · But when Gelsey Kirkland is not at New York State Thea ter, where she danced lead ing roles at the age of 16 with the New York City Bal let this season, what is she like? In 1960 she was selected to study at George Balanchine's School of American Ballet with a Ford Foundation scholarship. She was promoted to the rank of Soloist in 1970, and to Principal in 1972. 1952) trained at the School of American Ballet. Dec 1, 2024 · This is an excerpt of an interview with dancer Gelsey Kirkland after a performance of Theme and Variations, by George Balanchine, in 1978, with the American Ballet Theatre. Aux Etat-Unis, en mars 1970, les soeurs Gelsey KIRKLAND et Johanna KIRKLAND, danseuses classiques, portant une tenue de danse et des ballerines, dansant, dans Oct 24, 2010 · ••• Former ballerina Gelsey Kirkland has opened a ballet school here: “A MetroCard trip from Lincoln Center, the Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet sits daintily above a messy fabric shop on Broadway in Tribeca. Kirkland began her ballet training at the School of American Ballet. Kirkland, Gelsey (1952–)American ballet dancer. Dawn Gierling and Cristian Laverde Koenig, in Antony Tudor’s The Leaves are Fading Ask Gelsey Kirkland to elucidate her idea of classicism and it’s easy to recall the hallmarks of her dancing, all that made her genius blaze: “It’s opposite to chaos,” she says. Yes that's her on the cover of Time magazine 1978. Close-Up Of Gelsey And Johanna Kirkland. Discover the real story, facts, and details of Gelsey Kirkland. Born on December 29, 1952, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; one of three children, two daughters and a son, of Jack Kirkland (a playwright) and Nancy (Hoadley) Kirkland (an actress); attended public school in New York; attended Professional Children's School, New York City; studied ballet at Gelsey Kirkland Latest News on Gelsey Kirkland: The School of American Ballet's Annual Alumni Celebration to Take Place at Lincoln Center (Apr 17, 2025) Soon, Gelsey and Johnna were admitted into the famed School of American Ballet. She was promoted to soloist in 1969, and principal in 1972. I got all of this at the Northwest Dance Intensive. Career With, New York City Ballet, 1968-1974; soloist, New York City Ballet, 1969-1972; principal dancer, New York City Ballet, 1972-1974; ballerina, American Ballet Theatre, 1974-1981, 82-84; free-lance ballet teacher. Gelsey Kirkland is an American ballet dancer, teacher, and author, widely recognized for her contributions to the world of ballet. An obvious prospect at eight and a gleam in the eye of George Balanchine at 15, Gelsey Dec 31, 1987 · Gelsey Kirkland, a former ABT star, said in her best-selling autobiography 'Dancing On My Grave,' that Bissell first introduced her to cocaine. This little upstart company […] NUTCRACKER, THE {MIKHAIL BARYSHNIKOV, GELSEY KIRKLAND AND THE AMERICAN BALLET THEATRE} (TV) Details NETWORK: CBS DATE: December 16, 1977 8:00 PM RUNNING TIME: 1:18:33 COLOR/B&W: Color CATALOG ID: T:09233 GENRE: Dance; Specials SUBJECT HEADING: Ballet SERIES RUN: CBS - TV, 1977 COMMERCIALS: N/A CREDITS Herman Krawitz … Executive Producer Yanna Kroyt Brandt … Producer, Writer Lois Bianchi Kelly Cabrera, a Miami native, began her professional ballet training at the Harid Conservatory under principal ballerina Marjorie Tallchief of the Paris Opera Ballet. This favouritism, in addition to her demanding and alcoholic father, in addition to her own perfectionism would lead to problems in the future Gelsey Kirkland Biography Notable: Born 1952; New York City Ballet, American Ballet Theatre Gelsey Kirkand was born in Pennsylvania, USA, in 1952. of Jack Kirkland (playwright) and Nancy (Hoadley) Kirkland (actress); sister of Johnna Kirkland, dancer; attended Professional Children's School, NY; studied ballet at New York City Ballet's School of American Ballet; m. Apr 22, 2025 · Gelsey Kirkland About Born 1952 Work Position Ballerina · Soloist Gelsey Kirkland " Gelsey Kirkland " ( born 29 December 1952, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania ) is an American ballerina Kirkland joined the New York City Ballet in 1968 at age fifteen, at the invitation of George Balanchine. She went on to create leading roles in many of the great twentieth ce Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Gelsey Kirkland photos & royalty-free pictures, taken by professional Getty Images photographers. At just 15 years old, she seized an opportunity that would change her life forever accepting a scholarship to the prestigious School of American Ballet in New York City. Through a vivid tapestry of recounting her grueling rise to stardom, the euphoric peaks of performing with the New York City Ballet, and the harrowing depths of battling addiction and Mikhail Baryshnikov and Gelsey Kirkland - 'Don Quixote' PDD (1976) John Hall 19. We offer courses in ballet, fashionable, jazz, and aerial dance. May 10, 2013 · During her dancing career Gelsey Kirkland was known for her particular ability to get to the heart of a character in the great classic story ballets. The school trains full-time professionals and caters to children who wish to dance recreationally. Ironically, what began as a quest for artistic expression became a tumultuous Jun 22, 2024 · In "Dancing on My Grave," Gelsey Kirkland’s emotionally charged memoir, the legendary ballerina unveils the dramatic highs and devastating lows of her illustrious career with stark honesty and poignant detail. May 21, 2014 · Gelsey’s Beauty: Kirkland Wrestles With Ballet’s Greatest Challenge Gelsey Kirkland has had more than her share of demons, as her two distressing memoirs—and her violently checkered career Dec 10, 2013 · Gelsey Kirkland Ballet, a new studio company, is presenting an ambitious new production of “The Nutcracker” as a coming-of-age tale involving ideas of death and rebirth. Gelsey Kirkland Academy Tchelistcheff Architects Andrea mohin/the new york times. Who is Gelsey Kirkland? Gelsey Kirkland is an American ballerina. Dec 21, 1975 · Gelsey Kirkland entered the School of American Ballet, and she was part of Balanchine's world for the next 13 years, joining the company at the age of 15 as its youngest member, and becoming a Feb 11, 2019 · Gelsey Kirkland, in her 1986 memoir, “Dancing on My Grave,” recalled watching Martins drag Watts up and down a flight of stairs. Guest artist Royal Ballet, London, 1980, 86 Gelsey Kirkland received her early training at the School of American Ballet, dancing children’s roles in Balanchine’s The Nutcracker, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and Harlequinade. I think that is admirable even if her school didn’t last long enough to have a bigger impact. She graduated to the New York City Ballet in 1968, was promoted to soloist in 1970 and to principal dancer in 1972. Wanting could become an end unto itself. In 1961, she joined the New York City Ballet (NYCB) and became Balanchine's muse for many of his ballets. S. She went on to create leading roles in many of the great twentieth century ballets by Gelsey Kirkland received her early training at the School of American Ballet, gaining early stage experience dancing children’s roles in Balanchine’s The Nutcracker, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Harlequinade. She went on to create leading roles in many of the great twentieth century ballets by Gelsey and Johnna Kirkland are famous ballerina sisters who studied at the School of American Ballet under George Balanchine. Through a vivid tapestry of recounting her grueling rise to stardom, the euphoric peaks of performing with the New York City Ballet, and the harrowing depths of battling Explore Authentic Gelsey Kirkland Stock Photos & Images For Your Project Or Campaign. The first duet and the man's variation are from Dances at a Gathering Kirkland retired in 1986, transitioning to teaching and co-founding the Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet, solidifying her legacy in the dance community. 並 Love her passion and her American prima ballerina (b. Browse Gelsey Kirkland movies and TV shows available on Prime Video and begin streaming right away to your favorite device. Less Searching, More Finding With Getty Images. 9K subscribers Subscribe Prima Ballerina Gelsey Kirkland writes about her experience in her autobiography, "Dancing on my Grave" in which she describes periods when all she ate was one snickers bar a day and filled her system will caffeine and nicotine to assuage her hunger pains. The American Ballet Theatre principal dancer started her career at the tender age of 15, she struggled with anorexia, a cocaine addiction, unhealthy romantic ties with all her professional partners and some serious self-image issues In 1981, Internationally-known ballerina, Gelsey Kirkland, appeared at the theatre in a benefit performance for the Colorado Ballet. She received early ballet training at the School of American Ballet. Born on December 29, 1952, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, she quickly rose to prominence as one of the most talented and celebrated ballerinas of her generation. To be able to study with someone who knows all about the world Nov 6, 2018 · Almost a century later, in 1977, the ballet was adapted for the big screen, with dancers Gelsey Kirkland, then 25, and Mikhail Baryshnikov playing the lead roles of Clara and the Nutcracker Prince Nov 6, 2018 · Almost a century later, in 1977, the ballet was adapted for the big screen, with dancers Gelsey Kirkland, then 25, and Mikhail Baryshnikov playing the lead roles of Clara and the Nutcracker Prince. Oct 21, 2010 · Gelsey Kirkland, the longtime American Ballet Theater star, has opened a ballet school on Broadway in TriBeCa. Today she is the child star of the New York City Ballet, dancing classical roles (shown) like a seasoned veteran. Will open and serve on the faculty at the Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet in New York City. Aug 13, 2010 · On Monday, Gelsey Kirkland and her husband, Michael Chernov will open the Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet, a pre-professional dance school. Born Dec 29, 1952, in Bethlehem, PA; dau. For the benefit Gala she performed Giselle with Patrick Bissell. I'd like to introduce you to tragic ballerina Gelsey Kirkland. Feb 10, 2023 · A former student of influential ballet choreographer George Balanchine, Gelsey Kirkland released the book Dancing On My Grave in 1986. ‘She was not naughty with me. We're a premier dance academy situated within the park hill neighborhood of denver, co. Source for information on Kirkland, Gelsey Dec 18, 2023 · That storied third group includes former NYCB Principal Dancers Peter Boal, Jennie Somogyi, Gelsey Kirkland, and Judith Fugate, among others, as well as current corps de ballet members Shelby Mann Dec 18, 2013 · So far this season I’ve seen three “traditional” Nutcrackers: Ratmansky’s version for American Ballet Theatre, Gelsey Kirkland’s, and the familiar and much-loved 1954 staging by George Balanchine f… Despite this humble beginning, Gelsey's determination shone brightly. Both studied at the School of American Ballet, under George Balanchine. So, dear dance lovers, let Gelsey Kirkland’s story remind you to embrace your passion, conquer your fears, and dance to the rhythm of your own extraordinary journey. She defected from NYCB in 1974, and joined American Ballet Theatre as a Principal Dancer. The after-school program is aimed toward children in Manhattan, although a good amount of the students come from other Gelsey Kirkland is a ballerina known for her career with New York City Ballet and American Ballet Theatre. Gelsey Kirkland dropped out of high school two years ago at age 15 to devote her life to dancing. While in the New York City Ballet she performed a variety of Gelsey Kirkland, one of the original Balanchine dancers (my teacher for two years) is one of the most expressive, most technical, and one of the greatest dance/ballet actors of all time, was trained at The school of American ballet which feeds into New York City Ballet - Balanchine! Brilliant!! Saying 'I hate' a dancer is beyond revolting. A. May 5, 2020 · Johnna and Gelsey Kirkland - famous ballerina sisters. Oct 9, 2024 · Gelsey Kirkland (born December 29, 1952) is an American ballerina. At the age of fourteen Kelly was invited to the School of American Ballet in Soon, Gelsey and Johnna were admitted into the famed School of American Ballet. The production is choreographed mostly by Gelsey and her husband, Michael Chernnov, with credit to Vassily Vainonen’s version for the Kirov. She performed a variety of leading roles in their repertory, including Concerto Dec 18, 2010 · Gelsey’s current crop of students is performing this weekend in a Joffrey Ballet School/Gelsey Kirkland Academy collaborative production of The Nutcracker at the Lynch Theater of John Jay College. With her extraordinary gifts she was soon promoted, to soloist in 1969 and to principal in 1972. During a tour [Kirkland’s husband Michael] Chernov, who teaches but She studied at the School of American Ballet and joined New York City Ballet in 1968 where her extraordinary gifts led to her rapid promotion, as soloist in 1969 and principal in 1972. Gelsey became a superstar ballerina, while Johnna danced with the Los Gelsey Kirkland Ms. Gelsey Kirkland (born December 29, 1952) is an American prima ballerina. AboutGelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet is located at 29 Jay St in Brooklyn, New York 11201. Two years later, the school relocated to a 20,000-square-foot warehouse in Brooklyn, with four large studios and a 300-seat theater. Gelsey Kirkland (born December 29, 1952) is an American prima ballerina. Like many young dancers, I devoured former NYCB principal Gelsey Kirkland’s 1986 autobiography, Dancing on My Grave, which chronicles her rise from star student to principal dancer, her drug addiction, physical deterioration, and the pitfalls of being locked into Balanchine’s closed system of Gelsey Kirkland: A Ballet Icon's Enduring Legacy Gelsey Kirkland. She went on to create leading roles in many of the great twentieth century ballets by Feb 26, 2020 · Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet, New York. She and her husband co-founded the Gelsey Kirkland School of Classical Ballet, where they both serve as Artistic Directors. Gelsey Kirkland bravura, poise, and power - Byron Belt, speaking of Gelsey Kirkland Gelsey Kirkland was born to father Jack, a playwright, and Nancy, an actress, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U. May 1, 1978 · For Gelsey Kirkland, 25, a principal dancer with American Ballet Theater, that trial has ended successfully. Was romantically involved with Mikhail Baryshnikov. ’ Mar 9, 2016 · Six years ago, the American ballerina Gelsey Kirkland founded the school with her husband, Michael Chernov, an Australian actor and choreographer of Russian descent, in a space above a fabric shop Gelsey Kirkland Ms. She also had an older sister, Johnna, the favourite. Gelsey Kirkland: A Ballet Trailblazer Gelsey Kirkland&039;s journey to ballet stardom was marked by unwavering dedication and a relentless pursuit of perfection. My point wasn’t that she was a world famous teacher, but that she became a teacher and her involvement with and contributions to ballet didn’t end with her stage career. Kirkland, a dance legend who has been out of the limelight for nearly 20 years, came to New York from her home in Melbourne, Australia, at the invitation of John Meehan, artistic director of ABT’s Studio Company. Jan 21, 2024 · School of American Ballet teachers remember Gelsey: “One of Tumkovsky’s favorite students was Gelsey Kirkland, noted for a stubborn sense of self-direction from her earliest years at the School. In her second career as a teacher she has combined forces with her husband and co-director, Michael "Misha" Chernov, and mime teacher Pilar Garcia. Jun 25, 2024 · In any case Kirkland appears to have overcome many of her earlier problems. She graduated to the New York City Ballet in 1968, was promoted to soloist in 1970 and principal dancer in 1972. Jul 3, 2023 · Whether pirouetting across a grand stage or inspiring those around her, Gelsey embodies the very essence of ballet – an art form that transcends boundaries and touches the soul. It exposes the intense pressure, physical and emotional abuse, and the destructive pursuit of perfection that can lead to a dancer's downfall. More than just a celebrated ballerina, Kirkland represents a captivating blend of artistic brilliance and personal struggle, a compelling narrative that continues to fascinate and inspire decades after her retirement from the Jul 18, 2013 · Three years ago, Kirkland, one of the great American ballerinas, started a ballet academy, dedicated to the “old values”: storytelling, mime, musicality, and pristine technique. While in the New York City Ballet she performed a variety of Oct 28, 2013 · A new studio company, Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet is offering an after-school kids program for those interested in pursuing their dreams among professionals. . While she was called by Mikhail Baryshnikov, himself, "the best of her generation", she was probably more famous for her raging cocaine addiction and off-stage behavior. The collection, dating from 1941 to 2012, chronicles the Kirkland's early life, ballet training, and her experiences as a principal dancer. Size is 8 x 9. At the NYCB George Balanchine created his new Firebird Gelsey Kirkland Gelsey Kirkland received her early training at the School of American Ballet, gaining early stage experience dancing children’s roles in Balanchine’s The Nutcracker, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Harlequinade. Nov 1, 2014 · Gelsey Kirkland shares her passionate approach to traditional ballet training. Kirkland followed in her sister&039;s footsteps and enrolled in a ballet school, where she Sep 10, 2012 · Now Kirkland, with her husband and partner Michael Chernov, are providing a complete education for dancers at the Gelsey Kirkland Academy of Classical Ballet. However, within a few years, Gelsey became the partner to Mikhail Baryshnikov; while Johnna accepted a position with Los Angeles Ballet. ayll421 wm zvir3 hqmdi gzquri qzgiit 2715 yyc9cno pvscs mzjf4fp

Any unauthorized reproduction of articles, photographs, charts, etc. published on MANTANWEB is prohibited. Copyright belongs to MANTAN or its information providers.