Hypoglossal nerve branches. Keywords: Facial, Hypoglossal, Sural, Great auricular, .
Hypoglossal nerve branches. (p. The hypoglossal nerve (Latin: nervus hypoglossus), the last and twelfth cranial nerve (CN XII), is a motor nerve that supplies general somatic efferent fibers to all intrinsic skeletal muscles of the tongue, three of the four extrinsic tongue muscles (except for the palatoglossus), and the geniohyoid muscle, providing tongue movements, speech, and such function as swallowing. Jun 17, 2021 · This lead is placed around the medial branches of the hypoglossal nerve (discussed below) and initiates contraction of the tongue muscles thus opening the upper airway. 4. Skull metastases to the clivus may cause bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsies [30]. It is mainly responsible for motor innervation of the tongue and therefore the process of chewing and articulation. Meningeal branch: it arises from the hypoglossal nerve as it comes out via the hypoglossal canal and enters the cranial cavity via the hypoglossal canal and supplies the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa. Supply: Sensory: conveys general sense fibers from the mucosa of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, floor of the mouth, and lingual gingiva. The hypoglossal nerve arises from It branches off the hypoglossal nerve when it curves around the occipital artery. Nov 3, 2023 · This article covers the anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), focusing on its course, branches and its function. Nov 2, 2024 · The nerve has a purely somatic motor function, innervating all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue (except the palatoglossus, innervated by vagus nerve). Dec 28, 2021 · Ansa cervicalis It is a nerve loop which lies close to the lateral side of the carotid sheath/It is formed of 2 limbs or roots: Superior limb (root): called descendens hypoglossi, This is a branch of the hypoglossal nerve but it is formed of fibers from C1 nerve. The role of clinical examination and multimodality imaging in differentiating between types of hypoglossal palsy is highlighted. The genioglossus (GG) muscle is innervated by the medial branch of the hypoglossal nerve, increasing muscle activity during inspiration and reducing it Oct 10, 2025 · Hypoglossal nerve stimulation is a treatment option for adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea, focusing on improving airway function during sleep. 2. Discover how this cranial nerve controls the intricate movements of the tongue, enabling speech, swallowing, and more. [1][2] It runs obliquely upward and medially to the greater horns of the hyoid bone. Which nerve graft seems more logical for facial nerve anastomosis. The lingual artery first branches off from the external carotid artery. The hypoglossal or twelfth cranial nerve is the motor nerve to the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, and the superior root of the ansa cervicalis and the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid branches are delivered through the nerve. This is a purely motor nerve, responsible for the innervation of all the intrinsic tongue muscles (superior longitudinal muscle, inferior longitudinal muscle, transverse muscle, and vertical muscle), 3 The branches coming off the hypoglossal nerve proper include (1) an ascending meningeal branch of mixed sensory and sympathetic fibers from the upper cervical nerves and superior cervical sympathetic ganglion to dura mater and inferior vagal ganglion; (2) a descending branch with cervical spinal nerves of the ansa cervicalis to the omohyoid To determine the ideal implantation site for selective tongue neurostimulation in obstructive sleep apnea, anatomy of the distal branching of the hypoglossal nerve (HGN) was revisited. superior laryngeal Recurrent laryngeal, The ansa The nervous system, in terms of anatomical location, is classified as the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. 12 The hypoglossal canal extends from the posterior fossa to the nasopharyngeal carotid space, running anteriorly from an Apr 12, 2019 · An overview of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), including its course, branches, function, clinical assessment and clinical relevance. The lingual artery enters the tongue by passing deep to the hyoglossus muscle. Nov 3, 2023 · The ansa cervicalis is formed by two roots which stem from the cervical plexus; superior and inferior. [1][3] This takes it Aug 8, 2023 · The hyoglossus muscle is one of the four intrinsic muscles of the tongue. The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the twelfth cranial nerve, cranial nerve XII, or simply CN XII, is a cranial nerve that innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by the vagus nerve. spinal in behaviour,but cranial in out look 👅 Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) Explained | Branches, Course & Clinical Relevance in 1 Video!The hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) is the motor nerve of th According to our observations, the optimal selective or supra-selective stimulation of the tongue protractor muscles can be performed on the lateral surface of the GG at roughly equal distance between the mandibular symphysis and the hyoid bone, at a depth of about 0. Jun 18, 2022 · The hypoglossal nerve passes across the internal carotid artery on its descent through the neck, such that by the time it reaches the level of the occipital artery, it is situated lateral to the internal carotid artery. Jun 3, 2018 · Enumerate the branches of Hypoglossal nerve. From Jun 18, 2022 · In the neck, the hypoglossal nerve sheath receives a hitch-hiking branch of the cervical plexus containing fibers from the C1 and C2 spinal roots. According to the generally accepted classification of functional components, it contains general 5l. Origin A dozen roots from the hypoglossal nucleus arise laterally in the lower anterolateral sulcus, separating the olive and pyramid, in the medulla oblongata of the The amount of interfascicular connective tissue in sensory and motor nerves. clevelandclinic. Overview of the Oral Nerve System Oral nerves are branches of the cranial nerves, primarily the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), but also involve contributions from the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX), and vagus nerve (cranial nerve X). Important for swallowing (bolus formation) and speech articulation. The branches to the submaxillary ganglion are two or three in number; those connected with the hypoglossal nerve form a plexus at the anterior margin of the Hyoglossus. Hypoglossal nerve is a motor nerve which, like the vagus and glossopharyngeal, is involved in the movement of tongue muscles, swallowing and speech. One that may be helpful is: Old Opie Occasionally Tries Trigonometry And Feels Very Gloomy, Vague And Hypoactive. They are twenty-four in number in the form of twelve pairs. 6 cm above the GG lower border. [a] CN XII is a nerve with a sole motor function. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve – its anatomical course, motor functions and clinical correlations. It is a nerve with a sole motor function. The second branch is the descending branch, which is given off when the HN curves around the OA. It passes between the artery and vein, runs forward above the hyoid bone can be an effective marker to identify the branches and affected position if it was used in combination with the morphology of the extrinsic muscles, and the knowledge of their variations is also beneficial. Correct differential Apr 11, 2019 · The accessory nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid in the neck (a primary mover in neck flexion) and the trapezius in the shoulder (a primary mover in neck extension). May 20, 2024 · This is an article on the anatomy and function of the hypoglossal nerve. The system was evaluated in an otherwise healthy, 60-year-old woman with moderate OSA (apnea hypopnea index (AHI): 25/hr, nadir O2 saturation: 78%). The hypoglossal nerve carries also fibers from the C1 spinal nerve which we will indicate further using the green colour. It’s a motor nerve. Description: The hypoglossal nerve, also known as cranial nerve XII (CN Jan 2, 2016 · Detailed knowledge of the anatomy, and its variations, of the hypoglossal nerve is essential, when dealing with upper airway stimulation. Hypoglossal nerve (n. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. This study investigated the muscular branches of the hypoglossal … In this note, we are going to discuss the anatomy and function of the hypoglossal nerve (n. Surgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve: A new classification system for selective upper airway stimulation. Hypoglossal Nerve | Structure and Physiology Catalyst University 370K subscribers 305 Branches: Sublingual nerve, posterior branches to submandibular ganglion, communications with the hypoglossal nerve and chorda tympani. The descending branch, which is composed of C1 fibers, arises from the hypoglossal nerve as it curves forward below the posterior belly of the digastric. Nerve cell is the basic unit of the nervous system and is composed of 3 main parts: dendrites, which are the recipients of nerve Nov 4, 2019 · Fig. It exits the skull at the hypoglossal canal and gives off the meningeal, thyrohyoid, and lingual branches, as well as a component of the ansa cervicalis. 12 Hypoglossal Nerve The hypoglossal nerve is the 12th cranial nerve. Branches of the hypoglossal nerve The meningeal branch of the hypoglossal nerve arises from the nerve as it traverses the hypoglossal canal. It supplies motor function to the tongue and impairment causes problems with speech and eating. Additionally, motor control is provided by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). The Hypoglossal Nerve - Human Anatomy The hypoglossal nerve runs forwards, crosses internal carotid artery, external carotid artery and loop of lingual before it enters the submandibular region by passing deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is considered an infrahyoid muscle? (Mark all correct answers) Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid Posterior digastric Mylohyoid, The superior laryngeal artery is accompanied by the _______________ nerve through the thyrohyoid membrane? Hypoglossal Vagus Internal br. The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the medulla oblongata in the preolivary sulcus where it separates the olive (olivary body) and the pyramid (medullary pyramid). Other branches originate from spinal nerves (mainly C1/C2) or the cervical ganglia. This area is known as the nerve point of the neck (Erb’s point), and is utilised when performing a cervical plexus nerve block. [1] The nerve then comes to pass inferoanteriorly upon the medial pterygoid muscle towards the medial aspect of the ramus of Aug 31, 2023 · Once the hypoglossal nerve is isolated, coupling of the inclusion branches is done using neurostimulation with the aforementioned electrodes in the genioglossus muscle. In this chapter, the variability of the hypoglossal nerve, the late hyoglossal branch, the transverse and vertical intrinsic Structure and Location The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve (XII) and innervates all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, except for the palatoglossus. (See DG Fig. Apr 14, 2024 · The hypoglossal nerve is the last, and often neglected, cranial nerve. 1 Course of the hypoglossal nerve as it courses distally toward the tongue and its associated musculature. Learn all about it now at Kenhub! Jun 14, 2025 · Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) anatomy, function, clinical signs and causes of twelfth cranial nerve lesions; central and peripheral pathology. The hypoglossal nerve is a motor nerve that innervates almost all the muscles of the tongue, as well as the one suprahyoid muscle, the geniohyoid muscle. Hypoglossal Nerve Anatomy The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla as a number of small rootlets pass through the hypoglossal May 20, 2024 · This is an article on the anatomy and function of the hypoglossal nerve. However, only the muscular branch is considered part of the real hypoglossal nerve originating from the hypoglossal nucleus. Ansa cervicalis The superior root of the ansa cervicalis (formerly known as descendens hypoglossi[1]: 500 ) is by fibres of the cervical spinal nerve 1 [1]: 344 [3] (and, according to some sources, of cervical spinal nerve 2 as well [3]) that have joined and run with the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) for some distance before [1]: 344 progressively [1]: 369 branching off the CN XII in the carotid The branches to the submaxillary ganglion are two or three in number; those connected with the hypoglossal nerve form a plexus at the anterior margin of the Hyoglossus. It then passes beneath the digastric muscle and stylohyoid muscle running horizontally forward, beneath the hyoglossus. 260) • Examine certain Hypoglossal nerve XII cranil nerve entirely motor,somatic efferent column Innervates all muscles of tongue except palatoglossus Represents fusion of four pre –cervical nerves (ventral roots) i. Being a mixed nerve (sensorimotor), it carries afferent sensory and efferent motor Jul 31, 2016 · Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy due to compression by a kinked vertebral artery (hypoglossal-vertebral entrapment syndrome) has been described [1, 33]. The geniohyoid muscle is innervated by the first cervical nerve branch (C1), which is included for stimulation. Here you can learn the names, anatomy and functions of each cranial nerve as well as mnemonics to remember them. CN XII: The Hypoglossal Nerve Last but not least, we have the hypoglossal nerve which, true to its name, travels under (hypo-) the tongue The hypoglossal nerve branches are then identified, followed by suturing the IS in place. As the hypoglossal nerve descends and curves forward toward the tongue, these C1 fibers branch off to supply the thyrohyoid muscle, one of the infrahyoid muscles. It is a quadrilateral muscle that originates along the whole length of the hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue. The lateral branches distribute to the hyoglossus and the styloglossus muscles. Jul 9, 2024 · It then passes deep to the hypoglossal nerve, stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of the digastric. These nerves are integral Lab Objectives: • Dissect superficial nerves of the head: - facial nerve and its branches (innervate facial expression muscles) - mandibular nerve branches: lingual nerve & inferior alveolar nerve also, as you dissect vessels, find: - maxillary nerve, which becomes infraorbital n. The neuronal cell bodies that originate the hypoglossal nerve are found in the dorsal medulla of the brain stem in the hypoglossal nucleus. The lead, containing inclusion branches, is subsequently secured into place. The Which of the following nerves travels with and then branches from the Hypoglossal nerve, but is not a part of the Hypoglossal nerve? Mark all correct answers. Inferior Root: This root comes directly from the cervical plexus, usually consisting of fibers from the C2 and C3 spinal nerves. The hypoglossal nerve has been reported to exit from the posterior surface of the medulla oblongata instead of its usual exit anteriorly. It is a somatomotor nerve that innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Explore the hypoglossal nerve's origin, course, branches, and its role in tongue motor innervation. The lingual nerve first courses deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle and superior to the tensor veli palatini muscle; while passing between these two muscle, it is joined by the chorda tympani, and often by a communicating branch from the inferior alveolar nerve. Apr 16, 2018 · This study investigated the muscular branches of the hypoglossal nerve, including the superior root of the ansa cervicalis, the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid branches, and their positional interrelationships with the muscles of the tongue, the suprahyoid muscles, the hyoid bone, the vagus nerve and the internal and external carotid arteries. [1] It then curves downward and forward, forming a loop which is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve. The HGN distal course and intramuscular distribution to the The branches of communication of the lingual nerve are with the facial (through the chorda tympani), the inferior alveolar and hypoglossal nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. The HGN distal course and intramuscular distribution to the tongue Number: XII Name: Hypoglossal Sensory, motor, or both: Mainly motor Origin/Target: Medulla Nuclei: Hypoglossal nucleus Function: Provides motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue (except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by the vagus nerve). Combined abducens nerve and hypoglossal nerve palsies are rare. Jun 18, 2022 · In the neck, the hypoglossal nerve sheath receives a hitch-hiking branch of the cervical plexus containing fibers from the C1 and C2 spinal roots. org Oct 15, 2024 · Find out what you need to know about the hypoglossal nerve. Hypoglossal Nerve: Anatomy, Function, and Clinical Importance Introduction The hypoglossal nerve, also known as cranial nerve XII, is a critical component of the nervous system responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue. The third and fourth branches are nerves supplying the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles. The superior root is composed of the fibers from the anterior rami of spinal nerves C1 and C2. Apr 1, 2023 · The hypoglossal nerve is the 12th cranial nerve, exiting the brainstem in the preolivary sulcus, passing through the premedullary cistern, and exiting the skull through the hypoglossal canal. The lateral branches of the hypoglossal nerve are spread mainly upward. 2017;39(12):2371-2380. Jan 3, 2022 · More recently, hypoglossal nerve stimulation and monitoring have become critical for distal nerve branch identification to facilitate accurate cuff electrode placement for hypoglossal nerve stimulator implantation to treat obstructive sleep apnea, involving both children and adults. Jan 14, 2024 · This pictorial review details the anatomy of the nerve, including innervation, segments, and branches, with particular reference to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These nerves all enter the skin at the middle of the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid. Oct 21, 2024 · The hypoglossal nerve is the 12th cranial nerve. It supplies the meninges in the posterior cranial fossa. Those were branches of the hypoglossal nerve proper. Head Neck. The central nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system consists of the cranial and spinal nerves. Axons number of great auricular nerve. hypoglossus) It innervates all intrinsic and almost all extrinsic tongue muscles, except the palatoglossus. Sep 19, 2018 · I ntroduction The Hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve, and innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, except for the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve. Jan 1, 2018 · The hypoglossal canal is a bony passage containing the intracanalar segment of the hypoglossal nerve, a branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery, and a venous plexus that previously was considered an anterior condylar vein. Explore the fascinating world of the hypoglossal nerve in this video. The upper portions of the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles are pos- sibly innervated by branches from the superior root,ll branches derived from the hypoglossal nerve, or a fine network of nerve filaments overlying the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage. Branches from C1 nerve that joins hypoglossal nerve: Hypoglossal nerve is the 12th cranial nerve and originates from the medulla oblongata. It supplies all but one of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue and is a general somatic efferent nerve (somatic motor). There are many mnemonic devices to remember the cranial nerves. The hyoglossus acts to both depress and retract the tongue. hypoglossus), or the 12th cranial nerve (CN XII). Nov 17, 2016 · To determine the ideal implantation site for selective tongue neurostimulation in obstructive sleep apnea, anatomy of the distal branching of the hypoglossal nerve (HGN) was revisited. . These fibers distribute from the hypoglossal nerve at a number of different points, supplying numerous other muscles of the neck. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is a motor nerve that supplies general somatic efferent fibers to all skeletal intrinsic muscles of the tongue, three of the four extrinsic tongue muscles (except for the palatoglossus muscle), and geniohyoid muscle, providing tongue movements, speech, and such function as swallowing. Keywords: Facial, Hypoglossal, Sural, Great auricular, The lingual branches of hypoglossal nerve are the distal branches for the tongue and its intrinsic muscles. The hypoglossal nerve consists of four branches: the meningeal, descending, thyrothyroid, and muscular. This nerve plays a vital role in essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and overall oral motor control. The meningeal branches send filaments derived from communicating branches with C1 and C2 to the dura of the posterior fossa. 259) - vagus nerve and its laryngeal branches (p. Most of them originate from the brain stem in particular. Image from Human Anatomy Atlas. Its bloody supply is comprised mainly through the sublingual branch of the Nov 24, 2024 · The nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal, descends the neck to the level of the angle of the mandible, then passes forward under the tongue to supply its extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. 5-41, 5-48, and 5-54) Hypoglossal nerve: course and branches. However, only the muscular branch is part of the real hypoglossal nerve originating from the nucleus. The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla [1][2] as a number of Nov 7, 2022 · The hypoglossal nerve consists of 4 branches: the meningeal, descending, thyrothyroid, and muscular. 25 These nerve branches have not been well studied. However, tumors, aneurysms, dissections, trauma, and various iatrogenic factors such as complications after surgeries, radiotherapy, or airway management can result in dysfunction. May 26, 2025 · In this article, we will delve into the intricate anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve, its functions, and its clinical implications in human health and disease. Hypoglossal Nerve The hypoglossal nerve as the name indicates can be found below the tongue. Feb 7, 2025 · Branches of the hypoglossal nerve proper: They supply all the muscles of the tongue (intrinsic and extrinsic) except palatoglossus, which is supplied by the cranial root of the accessory via the pharyngeal plexus. In the upper portion of its course, the nerve lies beneath the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein, and near the vagus nerve. Dec 16, 2016 · The branches of the hypoglossal nerve are the meningeal, descending, thyrohyoid, and muscular. The hypoglossal and C1 nerves formed a nerve plexus, which gave rise to branches to the rectus capitis anterior and rectus capitis lateralis muscles and the atlanto-occipital joint. A number of variations in the course and branches of this nerve have been reported. These lateral branches make many loops like a plexus outside the tongue Nov 3, 2022 · Hypoglossal Nerve The sensory and motor nerve supply from the central nervous system to the structures present in the head and neck region of the body is exclusively provided via the cranial nerves. 260) - hypoglossal nerve (p. More peripherally, the third or fourth lateral branch of the hypoglossal trunk joins with the most central branch of the lingual nerve. It receives its motor innervation via the hypoglossal nerve. Course and Branches of the Hypoglossal Nerve The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the medulla oblongata, a part of the brainstem, and exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal. C1 Internal laryngeal Vagus Transverse cervical Sep 23, 2023 · The ansa cervicalis (or ansa hypoglossi, an archaic synonym) is a component of the cervical plexus which gives muscular branches to the geniohyoid muscle of the suprahyoid group and most of the infrahyoid (strap) muscles (excluding the thyrohyoid The thyrohyoid branch of hypoglossal nerve consists of fibers from the first cervical nerve (C1) that join the hypoglossal nerve. Greater Auricular Nerve The greater auricular It is composed of two main roots: Superior Root: This root is derived from the descending branch of the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) but carries fibers from the C1 spinal nerve. The superior root descends further anterior to the carotid sheath or as a part of it. This lead is placed around the medial branches of the hypoglossal nerve (discussed below) and initiates contraction of the tongue muscles thus opening the upper airway. These fibers travel together with the hypoglossal nerve behind the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, after which they branch off of the hypoglossal nerve and continue as the superior root of Oct 28, 2025 · Sensory Branches The cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus supply the skin of the neck, upper thorax, scalp and ear. The hypoglossal nerve (XII): This nerve controls the tongue movements of speech, food manipulation, and swallowing. Crossing branch of the Ranine Vein • Ligate any branch of the Ranine vein that crosses the nerve to improve visualization and confidence in dissection Heiser C, Knopf A, Hofauer B. Jan 4, 2025 · The hypoglossal nerve sheath in the neck receives a cervical plexus branch carrying fibres from the C1 and C2 spinal roots. These nerves are named based on their direct origin in the brain. GGo/GGh, genioglossus oblique and horizontal components; GH, geniohyoid; HG, hyoglossus; IL, inferior longitudinal segment of the intrinsic tongue muscles; SG, styloglossus Dec 17, 2023 · X) Association with the Cervical Plexus: Motor fibres of the ventral branches of the 1st and 2nd cervical spinal nerves join the hypoglossal nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve (/ ˌɡlɒsoʊfəˈrɪn (d) ʒiəl, - ˌfærənˈdʒiːəl / [1]), also known as the ninth cranial nerve, cranial nerve IX, or simply CN IX, [2] is a cranial nerve that exits the brainstem from the sides of the upper medulla, just anterior (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve. Learn about its location, functions, and health problems. Apr 1, 2025 · The branch to C1 is also encountered and has variable anatomy. The principal of selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation is to provide stimulation of the nerve fibers innervating the stiffening and protrusion muscles (inclusion branches) and avoid stimulation to the nerve fibers innervating the retraction muscles (exclusion branches). Watch the video tutorial now. Nov 3, 2023 · An introduction to the cranial nerves. Sep 4, 2021 · Overview The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve and has a purely somatic motor function, innervating all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve). Course, branches and nuclei of the hypoglossal nerve. At this level, the hypoglossal nerve begins to travel anteriorly, passing lateral to the sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital artery and lateral to the uppermost loop of The first group of branches of the HN are the meningeal branches, which separate from the nerve within the hypoglossal canal. See full list on my. A) facial and vestibulocochlear nerves B) glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves C) vestibulocochlear nerve and branches of the trigeminal nerve D) oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves, What do cranial nerves I, II, and VIII have in common? A) They all transmit general somatic motor impulses. Apr 1, 2017 · A small branch was found to always arise from the dorsal aspect of the hypoglossal nerve at the level of the transverse process of the atlas and joined small branches from the first and second cervical nerves. Learn all about the twelfth cranial nerve and see diagrams here. It descends in front of the internal and The left lateral view of tongue. The nerve may have a posterior (dorsal) root bearing a ganglion reminiscent of its embryologic origin (like a spinal nerve). e. Key words: hypoglossal nerve, ansa cervicalis, thyrohyoid branch, geniohyoid branch, lingual branches. These fibres branch off the hypoglossal nerve at various points, supplying a variety of neck muscles. This is a motor nerve. Identify the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) emerging from the skull just lateral to the vagus nerve and trace it ventrally where it is associated with the lingual artery on its way to innervate muscles associated with the tongue. h1ruqupmqoxvsykkbyc8s8xlz6qfhzm50939llwbuso